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What does the term periapical refer to?

  1. Around the surface of a tooth.

  2. Around the center of a tooth.

  3. Around the tip of the root of a tooth.

  4. Around the gum line.

The correct answer is: Around the tip of the root of a tooth.

The term periapical specifically refers to the area surrounding the tip of the root of a tooth. In dental terminology, "peri" means around, while "apical" refers to the apex, or the tip of the root. This region is significant because it is often the site where dental issues, such as infections or abscesses, may occur, particularly in response to pulpitis or other forms of tooth damage. Understanding this term is crucial for professionals when diagnosing conditions related to the root structure and its surrounding support tissues, such as the alveolar bone and periodontal ligaments. Recognizing the periapical area helps in performing procedures like root canal therapy, which targets issues at this specific site to relieve pain and save the tooth.