HOSA Dental Terminology Practice

What condition is indicated by the term 'caries'?

1. Gum disease

2. Tooth decay

3. Enamel erosion

4. Jaw misalignment

The correct answer is: Tooth decay

The term 'caries' specifically refers to tooth decay, which is the result of the demineralization of the tooth structure due to the presence of acids produced by bacteria that accumulate on the tooth surface. Caries begins when the tooth enamel, which is the hard outer layer of the tooth, is damaged by these acids, leading to cavities. This process involves several steps, including the formation of dental plaque, the action of bacteria that metabolize carbohydrates and produce acid, and, eventually, the breakdown of the tooth material itself. Understanding caries is crucial for dental health, as its treatment typically involves restoring the affected tooth through fillings or other restorative procedures. It is a common condition that can affect individuals of all ages and is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases, underscoring the importance of good oral hygiene and regular dental check-ups to prevent its development.