HOSA Dental Terminology Practice

What is pellagra primarily caused by?

1. A nutritional deficiency due to faulty intake or metabolism of nicotinic acid

2. A genetic mutation affecting vitamin absorption

3. A viral infection that affects the digestive system

4. An allergic reaction to certain foods

The correct answer is: A nutritional deficiency due to faulty intake or metabolism of nicotinic acid

Pellagra is primarily caused by a nutritional deficiency specifically related to the insufficient intake or faulty metabolism of nicotinic acid, commonly known as niacin or vitamin B3. Niacin plays a crucial role in several metabolic processes, including energy production and the synthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol. When the body lacks adequate niacin, or its precursor tryptophan, it can lead to the classic symptoms of pellagra, which are characterized by the three "D's": dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia. This nutritional deficiency is often linked to diets that are high in corn or maize, particularly in communities where maize is a staple food, as this grain has low levels of niacin and contains bound forms of niacin that are not bioavailable. Therefore, without proper dietary intake or the ability to metabolize niacin effectively, individuals are at a significant risk for developing pellagra. The other options presented, such as genetic mutations affecting vitamin absorption, viral infections, and allergic reactions, do not directly relate to the primary cause of pellagra, which is firmly established as a deficiency in niacin intake or metabolism.