HOSA Dental Terminology Practice

Which nerve supplies the periodontium?

1. The maxillary nerve

2. The mandibular nerve

3. The trigeminal nerve

4. The facial nerve

The correct answer is: The trigeminal nerve

The trigeminal nerve is the primary nerve responsible for supplying sensation to the periodontium, which includes the gums, periodontal ligaments, and alveolar bone surrounding the teeth. This nerve is the largest cranial nerve (Cranial Nerve V) and has three major branches: the ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular nerves. For the periodontium, the maxillary and mandibular branches specifically carry sensory fibers to their respective areas. The maxillary nerve supplies the upper jaw, while the mandibular nerve innervates the lower jaw. However, since the question asks for the nerve that broadly supplies the periodontium, the trigeminal nerve is the most encompassing answer, as it encompasses all branches providing sensory information to the oral cavity. Other options discussed do have a role in innervation, particularly the maxillary and mandibular nerves which branch from the trigeminal. The facial nerve primarily controls muscles of facial expression and does not have a role in supplying the periodontium itself, making it the least applicable choice. Thus, identifying the trigeminal nerve as the correct answer shows an understanding of its comprehensive role in oral and dental innervation.